Gateway Desktop Computer

Introduction of LTE and Triple-A Diameter

Although 3G technologies provide bit rates significantly higher than 2G technologies, there is still a great opportunity for providers of wireless service to focus on the demand for broadband wireless. "There is a growing possibility of a growing number of consumers and professionals of companies are demanding the same experience and applications that they enjoy a fixed wire line over wireless – any place, any content, fixed or mobile.

The solution is LTE (3GPP Long Term Evolution), the next-generation network beyond 3G. In addition to enabling fixed-mobile migration of Internet applications such as voice over IP (VoIP), streaming video, music downloading, mobile TV and many others, LTE networks will also provide the ability to support the demand for connectivity to a new generation of consumer devices tailored to these new mobile applications.

DIAMETER protocol is an extension of RADIUS is intended to provide authentication, authorization and accounting (Triple-A Framework) for applications such as access to network or IP-mobility.

Unified Triple-A solution of Architecture in LTE

Triple-A diameter is preferable to its counterpart RADIUS protocol and is being widely adopted in today's world with the markets. Because of the potential benefits of diameter on RADIUS and ample resources to meet the 3GPP old and new versions LTE specifications, along with other systems such as IMS, the diameter is recommended in the specification as an LTE solution unified.

Triple-A to 3GPP Access System

The Triple-A 3GPP server is located within the HPLMN 3GPP (Home Public Land Mobile Networks). It performs Triple-A functions and can also act as a "Triple A" proxy server. For WLAN 3GPP IP Access provides authorization, policy enforcement information and referral to the PDG, WAG and WLAN AN. To charge the battery, the Triple-A 3GPP Server:

 • Generates reports for recovery and / accounting information for the CDF.
 • Perform offline charging control to the WLAN AN.
 • Performs RADIUS to Diameter Conversion protocol and vice versa, when necessary.

Triple-A for Non-3GPP Access System

SAE 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project System Architecture Evolution) specifications listed are almost completely defined, except for some detailed specifications. Among them is the GW PDN (Packet Data Network Gateway) selection for non 3GPP IP (Internet Protocol) access.

Currently, the PDN GW selection function interacts with the 3GPP-Triple A (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) server or the Triple-A 3GPP proxy and uses the information provided by the subscriber HSS (Home Subscriber Server) for Triple-A 3GPP server.

During the initial authorization, PDN GW selection information for each of PDNs subscript is returned for non-3GPP access system. NDP information GW selection includes an IP address of a PDN GW and an APN (Access Point Name).

Charging and billing for LTE / SAE

Mobile adopted many technologies during their development, including GSM, GPRS / EDGE and WCDMA / HSDPA. Moreover, the long-term evolution (LTE) will make its debut before long the global stage coach. The beginning of the LTE / SAE (evolution of system architecture) network architecture will transform the architecture of charging follows:

First, the LTE network environment requires operators to deploy a network entity to detect and acquire information services traffic, and implement the control of pricing, interacting with the online / offline charging system.

Secondly, LTE / SAE architecture supports access to LTE and 2.5G/3G networks, and also not to access the 3GPP way radio systems, such as WLAN and WiMAX. LTE / SAE architecture must allow passage of terminals "User network of processes that are supported by the recovery system.

3GPP SAE approved package of gateway data network (PDN-GW) between the core network the NDP and SAE, which acts as a gateway control data in different modes of access. As a core network node control center, the PDN-GW is similar to the GGSN in the network GPRS, where it can detect the flow of service data collection and implementation of traffic. The mechanism is related to the online / offline charging system through Ro / Rf interface.

The PDN-GW is the anchor for several modes of access. It controls the connections, disconnections and all switching mode of access. Detection of flow of service and Unified collection of traffic through the PDN-GW as the best solution for charging when LTE / SAE architecture is adopted. Should take into load corresponding to your system manage session delivery charges and the tariff changes that are triggered by changing the way mobile access.

Triple-A Unified Interface for LTE / SAE

This section details the common interfaces that are required to Triple-A diameter to meet the 3GPP and non 3GPP systems:

WA: The Wa reference point is defined between the untrusted 3GPP IP access and 3GPP Triple-A or Proxy Server this benchmark is optionally used to authenticate and authorize the EU for access to the Evolved Packet System (EPS).

Ta: Ta The reference point is defined between the non-3GPP IP and reliable access to Triple-A 3GPP Server or between non-trusted access 3GPP and 3GPP IP Triple-A proxy. This reference point is used to cargo-related information and, optionally, information about IP Mode Selection Mobility.

Wm Wm The reference point is defined between the ePDG and Triple-A 3GPP Server or between non-trusted 3GPP IP access and 3GPP Triple-A proxy. Benchmark Wm is used to authenticate and authorize the EU and carry the parameters related to the mobility PMIPv6 if the EU attaches to the CPE, through the reference points 2b and WN.

Wx: Benchmark Wx is defined between the Triple-A 3GPP Server and HSS. The Wx reference point is used to allow the EU and the transport parameters related to the mobility PMIPv6 where tunnel chains.

S6C: The reference point S6C is defined between the Serving GW and 3GPP Triple-A proxy. Benchmark S6C is used to allow the EU and transport parameters related to the mobility PMIPv6 tunnel where chains.

WN: Reference point between ePDG an unreliable and not 3GPP IP Access Gateway.

Glossary

Triple-Authentication, Authorization and Accounting
CDF data load field
ePDG Evolved Packet Data Gateway
3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
HPLMN Home Public Land Mobile Networks
HSS Home Subscriber Server
PCRF control policy and charging function
POC Proof Of Concept
PDNGW Packet Data Network Gateway
RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service
LTE Long Term Evolution
SAE System Architecture Evolution
WLAN Wireless LAN Access Network
EU User Equipment
WAG WLAN Access Gateway

Venkat Annadata,
Sr. Technical Architect, R&D Services,
Tech Mahindra Ltd.

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